Eczema is a chronic skin condition that may be caused by allergies or hypersensitivities. The skin develops red, itchy patches, flakes and scales, and becomes dry and leathery in appearance. If skin is frequently scratched or broken, secondary infections can develop and antibiotic treatment may be necessary.

Symptoms

Symptoms of eczema include red, itchy patches of skin, often on the feet, wrists, and skin creases. The skin may develop blisters that crust over or ooze pus. The skin may also become thick, reddened, and leathery in appearance. If the patient scratches the skin, it may become red, inflamed, broken, and possibly infected. For this reason, controlling the itching becomes an important part of treating eczema in small children.

Treatment

Mild eczema can be treated at home. Skin should be kept moist, and any known allergens should be avoided. Avoid bathing with scented soaps, and use a mild, hypoallergenic lotion to keep the skin moist. If eczema symptoms become worse, your physician may be able to help. Medical treatment of eczema may include prescription topical creams, oral steroids, or other medications or cleansers.

Causes

Eczema can be caused by a hypersensitivity to irritating elements in the environment, a food allergy, stress, or a family history of the condition. Dry skin, a change in weather or temperature, or an exposure to a new food may cause a flare up. The condition is most common in small children and infants, but is occasionally found in adults.

Prevention

Eczema usually runs in families. While the disease itself cannot be prevented, outbreaks can be somewhat controlled. Controlling stress, anxiety, and environmental changes may help to control eczema outbreaks. Allergy testing may also be helpful; once you are aware of the foods and environmental elements that your child is reacting to, you can remove them and work to control eczema outbreaks caused by these allergens.